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Dustin Newkirk
2026-02-12 15:36:05 -05:00
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183
DEPLOYMENT.md
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# Deployment Guide for LXC Container
This guide explains how to deploy this Hugo website to an LXC container running Arch Linux (or similar). The site is built as a static site and served via nginx.
This guide explains how to deploy this Hugo website to an LXC container running Ubuntu (or similar). The site runs as a live Hugo server with a reverse proxy forwarding requests.
## Prerequisites
@@ -80,117 +80,23 @@ cd dustin.coffee
git submodule update --init --recursive
```
## Step 3: Build Static Site
## Step 3: Run Hugo Server (Reverse Proxy Setup)
Generate the static site:
Since you're using a reverse proxy pointing to the LXC container, run Hugo as a live server:
```bash
hugo --minify
```
The built site will be in the `public/` directory.
## Step 4: Install and Configure nginx
Install nginx:
```bash
sudo pacman -S nginx
```
Create nginx configuration file at `/etc/nginx/sites-available/dustin.coffee` (create directory if needed):
```nginx
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name dustin.coffee www.dustin.coffee;
root /srv/www/dustin.coffee/public;
index index.html;
# Security headers
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
# Gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/javascript application/xml+rss application/json;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
# Cache static assets
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
expires 365d;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
}
```
Enable the site by creating a symlink:
```bash
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/dustin.coffee /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t # Test configuration
sudo systemctl restart nginx
```
## Step 5: Set Up SSL with Let's Encrypt (Optional but Recommended)
Install certbot:
```bash
sudo pacman -S certbot certbot-nginx
```
Obtain certificate:
```bash
sudo certbot --nginx -d dustin.coffee -d www.dustin.coffee
```
Certbot will automatically update nginx configuration.
## Step 6: Automation Script
Create a deployment script `deploy.sh` in the repository root:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh - rebuild and copy site
set -e
cd /srv/www/dustin.coffee
# Pull latest changes
git pull
# Build site
hugo --minify
# Optional: restart nginx if configuration changed
# sudo systemctl reload nginx
echo "Deployment completed at $(date)"
hugo server --bind 0.0.0.0 --port 1313 --baseURL=https://dustin.coffee --appendPort=false --disableLiveReload
```
Make it executable:
**Important flags:**
- `--bind 0.0.0.0` – Listen on all network interfaces
- `--port 1313` – Port for the reverse proxy to forward to (adjust if different)
- `--baseURL=https://dustin.coffee` – Your public domain (must match reverse proxy)
- `--appendPort=false` – Don't include port 1313 in generated URLs (critical for correct links)
- `--disableLiveReload` – Disable live reload in production
```bash
chmod +x deploy.sh
```
Now after SSH-ing into the container, you can run `./deploy.sh` to update the site.
## Step 7: Systemd Service (Alternative: Hugo Server)
If you prefer to run Hugo as a server (not recommended for production), create a systemd service:
### Systemd Service (Recommended for production)
Create `/etc/systemd/system/hugo-dustin.service`:
@@ -204,14 +110,19 @@ Type=simple
User=www-data
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/srv/www/dustin.coffee
ExecStart=/usr/bin/hugo server --bind 0.0.0.0 --port 1313 --baseURL=https://dustin.coffee/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/hugo server --bind 0.0.0.0 --port 1313 --baseURL=https://dustin.coffee --appendPort=false --disableLiveReload
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
Then enable and start:
**Adjust paths:**
- Replace `/usr/bin/hugo` with `hugo` if installed via apt repository
- Set `User`/`Group` to your LXC user if not www-data
- Update `WorkingDirectory` to your site path
Enable and start the service:
```bash
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
@@ -219,19 +130,66 @@ sudo systemctl enable hugo-dustin
sudo systemctl start hugo-dustin
```
Check status: `sudo systemctl status hugo-dustin`
## Step 4: Reverse Proxy Configuration
SSL/TLS encryption should be configured at your reverse proxy level (not Hugo).
Hugo itself runs on HTTP (port 1313). Your reverse proxy should:
- Terminate SSL at the proxy (HTTPS on port 443)
- Forward HTTP requests to Hugo on port 1313
- Set appropriate `X-Forwarded-*` headers if needed
**If using Caddy, Traefik, or another reverse proxy:** Consult your proxy's documentation for SSL configuration. Most modern proxies automatically handle SSL with Let's Encrypt.
**Important:** Ensure your reverse proxy forwards requests to `http://<lxc-internal-ip>:1313` (or `localhost:1313` if proxy runs on same container). The domain `dustin.coffee` must resolve to your reverse proxy's public IP.
## Step 5: Automation Script
Create a deployment script `deploy.sh` in the repository root:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh - update site and restart Hugo server
set -e
cd /srv/www/dustin.coffee
echo "Pulling latest changes from git..."
git pull
echo "Updating theme submodule..."
git submodule update --init --recursive
echo "Restarting Hugo server..."
sudo systemctl restart hugo-dustin
echo "Deployment completed at $(date)"
```
Make it executable:
```bash
chmod +x deploy.sh
```
Now after SSH-ing into the container, you can run `./deploy.sh` to update the site.
## Notes
- Update the `baseURL` in `hugo.toml` if your domain changes.
- The site uses a custom theme `personal`; ensure all theme files are committed to git.
- The site uses the `hello-friend-ng` theme as a git submodule.
- Blog posts are stored in `content/posts/` as markdown files.
- To add new blog posts, create markdown files in `content/posts/` on your development machine, push to git, then run the deploy script on the container.
## Troubleshooting
- If nginx shows 404, ensure the `public/` directory exists and contains built files.
- If Hugo server fails to start, check logs: `sudo journalctl -u hugo-dustin -f`
- If Hugo fails to build, check Hugo version matches the one used in development.
- Check nginx error logs: `sudo journalctl -u nginx`
- Check Hugo build logs: run `hugo --verbose`
- If blog post URLs are incorrect, verify `permalinks` configuration in `hugo.toml`.
- If reverse proxy shows 404, ensure Hugo server is running on port 1313 and reverse proxy forwards to correct port.
## Updating
@@ -240,5 +198,4 @@ To update the site after making changes on your development machine:
1. Push changes to your git server
2. SSH into LXC container
3. Navigate to site directory: `cd /srv/www/dustin.coffee`
4. Run `git pull` then `./deploy.sh` (or just `hugo --minify`)
4. Run `./deploy.sh`

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deploy.sh
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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash
# Deployment script for Hugo site on LXC container
# Run this script after SSH-ing into the container and navigating to the site directory
# This script updates the site and restarts the Hugo server systemd service
set -e # Exit on error
@@ -10,13 +11,13 @@ echo "Starting deployment at $(date)"
echo "Pulling latest changes from git..."
git pull
# Build the site with minification
echo "Building site with Hugo..."
hugo --minify
# Update theme submodule (required for hello-friend-ng theme)
echo "Updating theme submodule..."
git submodule update --init --recursive
# Restart Hugo server to pick up changes
echo "Restarting Hugo server..."
sudo systemctl restart hugo-dustin
echo "Deployment completed successfully at $(date)"
echo "Site updated in ./public directory"
# Optional: Reload nginx if configuration changed
# echo "Reloading nginx..."
# sudo systemctl reload nginx
echo "Hugo server restarted and changes are live."

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hugo.toml
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@@ -33,6 +33,35 @@ theme = 'hello-friend-ng'
images = [""]
themeColor = "#2d3748"
# Favicon colors
[params.favicon.color]
mask = "#2d3748"
msapplication = "#2d3748"
theme = "#2d3748"
# Footer configuration
[params.footer]
trademark = 2026
rss = true
copyright = true
author = true
topText = []
bottomText = [
"Powered by <a href=\"https://gohugo.io\">Hugo</a>",
"Theme: <a href=\"https://github.com/rhazdon/hugo-theme-hello-friend-ng\">hello-friend-ng</a>"
]
# Reading time
enableReadingTime = true
# Theme toggle (default respects OS preference)
enableThemeToggle = false
# Social icons (uncomment and add as needed)
# [[params.social]]
# name = "github"
# url = "https://github.com/yourusername"
[taxonomies]
tag = "tags"
category = "categories"