Adding large folders

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="List of all items in this crate"><title>List of all items in this crate</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod sys"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">All</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h3><a href="#macros">Crate Items</a></h3><ul class="block"><li><a href="#macros" title="Macros">Macros</a></li><li><a href="#structs" title="Structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#traits" title="Traits">Traits</a></li><li><a href="#functions" title="Functions">Functions</a></li><li><a href="#types" title="Type Aliases">Type Aliases</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>List of all items</h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar></div><h3 id="structs">Structs</h3><ul class="all-items"><li><a href="struct.Chain.html">Chain</a></li><li><a href="struct.Error.html">Error</a></li></ul><h3 id="traits">Traits</h3><ul class="all-items"><li><a href="trait.Context.html">Context</a></li></ul><h3 id="macros">Macros</h3><ul class="all-items"><li><a href="macro.anyhow.html">anyhow</a></li><li><a href="macro.bail.html">bail</a></li><li><a href="macro.ensure.html">ensure</a></li></ul><h3 id="functions">Functions</h3><ul class="all-items"><li><a href="fn.Ok.html">Ok</a></li></ul><h3 id="types">Type Aliases</h3><ul class="all-items"><li><a href="type.Result.html">Result</a></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Equivalent to `Ok::&#60;_, anyhow::Error&#62;(value)`."><title>Ok in anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">Ok</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><div id="rustdoc-modnav"></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><div class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">anyhow</a></div><h1>Function <span class="fn">Ok</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/lib.rs.html#650-652">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn Ok&lt;T&gt;(value: T) -&gt; <a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type anyhow::Result">Result</a>&lt;T&gt;</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Equivalent to <code>Ok::&lt;_, anyhow::Error&gt;(value)</code>.</p>
<p>This simplifies creation of an <code>anyhow::Result</code> in places where type
inference cannot deduce the <code>E</code> type of the result — without needing
to write <code>Ok::&lt;_, anyhow::Error&gt;(value)</code>.</p>
<p>One might think that <code>anyhow::Result::Ok(value)</code> would work in such cases
but it does not.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-console"><code>error[E0282]: type annotations needed for `std::result::Result&lt;i32, E&gt;`
--&gt; src/main.rs:11:13
|
11 | let _ = anyhow::Result::Ok(1);
| - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cannot infer type for type parameter `E` declared on the enum `Result`
| |
| consider giving this pattern the explicit type `std::result::Result&lt;i32, E&gt;`, where the type parameter `E` is specified</code></pre></div></div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="githubcrates-iodocs-rs"><title>anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="../crates.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod crate"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">Crate anyhow</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><ul class="block"><li><a id="all-types" href="all.html">All Items</a></li></ul><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#details" title="Details">Details</a></li><li><a href="#no-std-support" title="No-std support">No-std support</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#reexports">Crate Items</a></h3><ul class="block"><li><a href="#reexports" title="Re-exports">Re-exports</a></li><li><a href="#macros" title="Macros">Macros</a></li><li><a href="#structs" title="Structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#traits" title="Traits">Traits</a></li><li><a href="#functions" title="Functions">Functions</a></li><li><a href="#types" title="Type Aliases">Type Aliases</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Crate <span>anyhow</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/lib.rs.html#1-728">Source</a> </span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p><a href="https://github.com/dtolnay/anyhow"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/github-8da0cb?style=for-the-badge&amp;labelColor=555555&amp;logo=github" alt="github" /></a><a href="https://crates.io/crates/anyhow"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/crates.io-fc8d62?style=for-the-badge&amp;labelColor=555555&amp;logo=rust" alt="crates-io" /></a><a href="https://docs.rs/anyhow"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/docs.rs-66c2a5?style=for-the-badge&amp;labelColor=555555&amp;logo=docs.rs" alt="docs-rs" /></a></p>
<br>
<p>This library provides <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error"><code>anyhow::Error</code></a>, a trait object based error
type for easy idiomatic error handling in Rust applications.</p>
<br>
<h2 id="details"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#details">§</a>Details</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Use <code>Result&lt;T, anyhow::Error&gt;</code>, or equivalently <code>anyhow::Result&lt;T&gt;</code>, as
the return type of any fallible function.</p>
<p>Within the function, use <code>?</code> to easily propagate any error that implements
the <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error"><code>std::error::Error</code></a> trait.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::Result;
<span class="kw">fn </span>get_cluster_info() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;ClusterMap&gt; {
<span class="kw">let </span>config = std::fs::read_to_string(<span class="string">"cluster.json"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">let </span>map: ClusterMap = serde_json::from_str(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>config)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(map)
}</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>Attach context to help the person troubleshooting the error understand
where things went wrong. A low-level error like “No such file or
directory” can be annoying to debug without more context about what higher
level step the application was in the middle of.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::{Context, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>};
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {
...
it.detach().context(<span class="string">"Failed to detach the important thing"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">let </span>content = std::fs::read(path)
.with_context(|| <span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">"Failed to read instrs from {}"</span>, path))<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
...
}</code></pre></div><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-console"><code>Error: Failed to read instrs from ./path/to/instrs.json
Caused by:
No such file or directory (os error 2)</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>Downcasting is supported and can be by value, by shared reference, or by
mutable reference as needed.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="comment">// If the error was caused by redaction, then return a
// tombstone instead of the content.
</span><span class="kw">match </span>root_cause.downcast_ref::&lt;DataStoreError&gt;() {
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(DataStoreError::Censored(<span class="kw">_</span>)) =&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(Poll::Ready(REDACTED_CONTENT)),
<span class="prelude-val">None </span>=&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(error),
}</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>If using Rust ≥ 1.65, a backtrace is captured and printed with the
error if the underlying error type does not already provide its own. In
order to see backtraces, they must be enabled through the environment
variables described in <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/std/backtrace/index.html#environment-variables" title="mod std::backtrace"><code>std::backtrace</code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li>If you want panics and errors to both have backtraces, set
<code>RUST_BACKTRACE=1</code>;</li>
<li>If you want only errors to have backtraces, set <code>RUST_LIB_BACKTRACE=1</code>;</li>
<li>If you want only panics to have backtraces, set <code>RUST_BACKTRACE=1</code> and
<code>RUST_LIB_BACKTRACE=0</code>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Anyhow works with any error type that has an impl of <code>std::error::Error</code>,
including ones defined in your crate. We do not bundle a <code>derive(Error)</code>
macro but you can write the impls yourself or use a standalone macro like
<a href="https://github.com/dtolnay/thiserror">thiserror</a>.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>thiserror::Error;
<span class="attr">#[derive(Error, Debug)]
</span><span class="kw">pub enum </span>FormatError {
<span class="attr">#[error(<span class="string">"Invalid header (expected {expected:?}, got {found:?})"</span>)]
</span>InvalidHeader {
expected: String,
found: String,
},
<span class="attr">#[error(<span class="string">"Missing attribute: {0}"</span>)]
</span>MissingAttribute(String),
}</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>One-off error messages can be constructed using the <code>anyhow!</code> macro, which
supports string interpolation and produces an <code>anyhow::Error</code>.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="macro">anyhow!</span>(<span class="string">"Missing attribute: {}"</span>, missing));</code></pre></div>
<p>A <code>bail!</code> macro is provided as a shorthand for the same early return.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="macro">bail!</span>(<span class="string">"Missing attribute: {}"</span>, missing);</code></pre></div></li>
</ul>
<br>
<h2 id="no-std-support"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#no-std-support">§</a>No-std support</h2>
<p>In no_std mode, almost all of the same API is available and works the same
way. To depend on Anyhow in no_std mode, disable our default enabled “std”
feature in Cargo.toml. A global allocator is required.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-toml"><code>[dependencies]
anyhow = { version = &quot;1.0&quot;, default-features = false }</code></pre></div>
<p>With versions of Rust older than 1.81, no_std mode may require an additional
<code>.map_err(Error::msg)</code> when working with a non-Anyhow error type inside a
function that returns Anyhows error type, as the trait that <code>?</code>-based error
conversions are defined by is only available in std in those old versions.</p>
</div></details><h2 id="reexports" class="section-header">Re-exports<a href="#reexports" class="anchor">§</a></h2><dl class="item-table reexports"><dt id="reexport.format_err"><code>pub use <a class="macro" href="macro.anyhow.html" title="macro anyhow::anyhow">anyhow</a> as format_err;</code></dt></dl><h2 id="macros" class="section-header">Macros<a href="#macros" class="anchor">§</a></h2><dl class="item-table"><dt><a class="macro" href="macro.anyhow.html" title="macro anyhow::anyhow">anyhow</a></dt><dd>Construct an ad-hoc error from a string or existing non-<code>anyhow</code> error
value.</dd><dt><a class="macro" href="macro.bail.html" title="macro anyhow::bail">bail</a></dt><dd>Return early with an error.</dd><dt><a class="macro" href="macro.ensure.html" title="macro anyhow::ensure">ensure</a></dt><dd>Return early with an error if a condition is not satisfied.</dd></dl><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><dl class="item-table"><dt><a class="struct" href="struct.Chain.html" title="struct anyhow::Chain">Chain</a></dt><dd>Iterator of a chain of source errors.</dd><dt><a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a></dt><dd>The <code>Error</code> type, a wrapper around a dynamic error type.</dd></dl><h2 id="traits" class="section-header">Traits<a href="#traits" class="anchor">§</a></h2><dl class="item-table"><dt><a class="trait" href="trait.Context.html" title="trait anyhow::Context">Context</a></dt><dd>Provides the <code>context</code> method for <code>Result</code>.</dd></dl><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><dl class="item-table"><dt><a class="fn" href="fn.Ok.html" title="fn anyhow::Ok">Ok</a></dt><dd>Equivalent to <code>Ok::&lt;_, anyhow::Error&gt;(value)</code>.</dd></dl><h2 id="types" class="section-header">Type Aliases<a href="#types" class="anchor">§</a></h2><dl class="item-table"><dt><a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type anyhow::Result">Result</a></dt><dd><code>Result&lt;T, Error&gt;</code></dd></dl></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Construct an ad-hoc error from a string or existing non-`anyhow` error value."><title>anyhow in anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc macro"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">anyhow</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">anyhow</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#example" title="Example">Example</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate anyhow</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><div class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">anyhow</a></div><h1>Macro <span class="macro">anyhow</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/macros.rs.html#204-223">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>macro_rules! anyhow {
($msg:literal $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($err:expr $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) =&gt; { ... };
}</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Construct an ad-hoc error from a string or existing non-<code>anyhow</code> error
value.</p>
<p>This evaluates to an <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error"><code>Error</code></a>. It can take either just a
string, or a format string with arguments. It also can take any custom type
which implements <code>Debug</code> and <code>Display</code>.</p>
<p>If called with a single argument whose type implements <code>std::error::Error</code>
(in addition to <code>Debug</code> and <code>Display</code>, which are always required), then that
Error impls <code>source</code> is preserved as the <code>source</code> of the resulting
<code>anyhow::Error</code>.</p>
<h2 id="example"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#example">§</a>Example</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::{anyhow, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>};
<span class="kw">fn </span>lookup(key: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;V&gt; {
<span class="kw">if </span>key.len() != <span class="number">16 </span>{
<span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="macro">anyhow!</span>(<span class="string">"key length must be 16 characters, got {:?}"</span>, key));
}
<span class="comment">// ...
</span>}</code></pre></div></div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Return early with an error."><title>bail in anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc macro"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">bail</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">bail</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#example" title="Example">Example</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate anyhow</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><div class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">anyhow</a></div><h1>Macro <span class="macro">bail</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/macros.rs.html#58-68">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>macro_rules! bail {
($msg:literal $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($err:expr $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) =&gt; { ... };
}</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Return early with an error.</p>
<p>This macro is equivalent to
<code>return Err(<a href="macro.anyhow.html" title="macro anyhow::anyhow">anyhow!($args...)</a>)</code>.</p>
<p>The surrounding functions or closures return value is required to be
<code>Result&lt;_, <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">anyhow::Error</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
<h2 id="example"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#example">§</a>Example</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">if </span>!has_permission(user, resource) {
<span class="macro">bail!</span>(<span class="string">"permission denied for accessing {}"</span>, resource);
}</code></pre></div>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="attr">#[derive(Error, Debug)]
</span><span class="kw">enum </span>ScienceError {
<span class="attr">#[error(<span class="string">"recursion limit exceeded"</span>)]
</span>RecursionLimitExceeded,
...
}
<span class="kw">if </span>depth &gt; MAX_DEPTH {
<span class="macro">bail!</span>(ScienceError::RecursionLimitExceeded);
}</code></pre></div></div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Return early with an error if a condition is not satisfied."><title>ensure in anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc macro"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">ensure</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">ensure</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#example" title="Example">Example</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate anyhow</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><div class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">anyhow</a></div><h1>Macro <span class="macro">ensure</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/macros.rs.html#129-152">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>macro_rules! ensure {
($cond:expr $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($cond:expr, $msg:literal $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($cond:expr, $err:expr $(,)?) =&gt; { ... };
($cond:expr, $fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) =&gt; { ... };
}</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Return early with an error if a condition is not satisfied.</p>
<p>This macro is equivalent to
<code>if !$cond { return Err(<a href="macro.anyhow.html" title="macro anyhow::anyhow">anyhow!($args...)</a>); }</code>.</p>
<p>The surrounding functions or closures return value is required to be
<code>Result&lt;_, <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">anyhow::Error</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
<p>Analogously to <code>assert!</code>, <code>ensure!</code> takes a condition and exits the function
if the condition fails. Unlike <code>assert!</code>, <code>ensure!</code> returns an <code>Error</code>
rather than panicking.</p>
<h2 id="example"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#example">§</a>Example</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="macro">ensure!</span>(user == <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="string">"only user 0 is allowed"</span>);</code></pre></div>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="attr">#[derive(Error, Debug)]
</span><span class="kw">enum </span>ScienceError {
<span class="attr">#[error(<span class="string">"recursion limit exceeded"</span>)]
</span>RecursionLimitExceeded,
...
}
<span class="macro">ensure!</span>(depth &lt;= MAX_DEPTH, ScienceError::RecursionLimitExceeded);</code></pre></div></div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Provides the `context` method for `Result`."><title>Context in anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc trait"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">Context</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Context</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#example" title="Example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#effect-on-downcasting" title="Effect on downcasting">Effect on downcasting</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#required-methods">Required Methods</a></h3><ul class="block"><li><a href="#tymethod.context" title="context">context</a></li><li><a href="#tymethod.with_context" title="with_context">with_context</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#foreign-impls">Implementations on Foreign Types</a></h3><ul class="block"><li><a href="#impl-Context%3CT,+Infallible%3E-for-Option%3CT%3E" title="Option&#60;T&#62;">Option&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Context%3CT,+E%3E-for-Result%3CT,+E%3E" title="Result&#60;T, E&#62;">Result&#60;T, E&#62;</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#dyn-compatibility">Dyn Compatibility</a></h3><h3><a href="#implementors">Implementors</a></h3></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate anyhow</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><div class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">anyhow</a></div><h1>Trait <span class="trait">Context</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/lib.rs.html#616-628">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub trait Context&lt;T, E&gt;: Sealed {
// Required methods
fn <a href="#tymethod.context" class="fn">context</a>&lt;C&gt;(self, context: C) -&gt; <a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type anyhow::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;
<span class="where">where C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static</span>;
<span class="item-spacer"></span> fn <a href="#tymethod.with_context" class="fn">with_context</a>&lt;C, F&gt;(self, f: F) -&gt; <a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type anyhow::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;
<span class="where">where C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,
F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -&gt; C</span>;
}</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Provides the <code>context</code> method for <code>Result</code>.</p>
<p>This trait is sealed and cannot be implemented for types outside of
<code>anyhow</code>.</p>
<br>
<h2 id="example"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#example">§</a>Example</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::{Context, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>};
<span class="kw">use </span>std::fs;
<span class="kw">use </span>std::path::PathBuf;
<span class="kw">pub struct </span>ImportantThing {
path: PathBuf,
}
<span class="kw">impl </span>ImportantThing {
<span class="kw">pub fn </span>detach(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {...}
}
<span class="kw">pub fn </span>do_it(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>it: ImportantThing) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;Vec&lt;u8&gt;&gt; {
it.detach().context(<span class="string">"Failed to detach the important thing"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">let </span>path = <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>it.path;
<span class="kw">let </span>content = fs::read(path)
.with_context(|| <span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">"Failed to read instrs from {}"</span>, path.display()))<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(content)
}</code></pre></div>
<p>When printed, the outermost context would be printed first and the lower
level underlying causes would be enumerated below.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-console"><code>Error: Failed to read instrs from ./path/to/instrs.json
Caused by:
No such file or directory (os error 2)</code></pre></div>
<p>Refer to the <a href="struct.Error.html#display-representations" title="struct anyhow::Error">Display representations</a> documentation for other forms in
which this context chain can be rendered.</p>
<br>
<h2 id="effect-on-downcasting"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#effect-on-downcasting">§</a>Effect on downcasting</h2>
<p>After attaching context of type <code>C</code> onto an error of type <code>E</code>, the resulting
<code>anyhow::Error</code> may be downcast to <code>C</code> <strong>or</strong> to <code>E</code>.</p>
<p>That is, in codebases that rely on downcasting, Anyhows context supports
both of the following use cases:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Attaching context whose type is insignificant onto errors whose type
is used in downcasts.</strong></p>
<p>In other error libraries whose context is not designed this way, it can
be risky to introduce context to existing code because new context might
break existing working downcasts. In Anyhow, any downcast that worked
before adding context will continue to work after you add a context, so
you should freely add human-readable context to errors wherever it would
be helpful.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::{Context, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>};
<span class="kw">fn </span>do_it() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {
helper().context(<span class="string">"Failed to complete the work"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
...
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span>err = do_it().unwrap_err();
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(e) = err.downcast_ref::&lt;SuspiciousError&gt;() {
<span class="comment">// If helper() returned SuspiciousError, this downcast will
// correctly succeed even with the context in between.
</span>}
}</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p><strong>Attaching context whose type is used in downcasts onto errors whose
type is insignificant.</strong></p>
<p>Some codebases prefer to use machine-readable context to categorize
lower level errors in a way that will be actionable to higher levels of
the application.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::{Context, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>};
<span class="kw">fn </span>do_it() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {
helper().context(HelperFailed)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
...
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span>err = do_it().unwrap_err();
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(e) = err.downcast_ref::&lt;HelperFailed&gt;() {
<span class="comment">// If helper failed, this downcast will succeed because
// HelperFailed is the context that has been attached to
// that error.
</span>}
}</code></pre></div></li>
</ul>
</div></details><h2 id="required-methods" class="section-header">Required Methods<a href="#required-methods" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div class="methods"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="tymethod.context" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/lib.rs.html#618-620">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="#tymethod.context" class="fn">context</a>&lt;C&gt;(self, context: C) -&gt; <a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type anyhow::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Wrap the error value with additional context.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="tymethod.with_context" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/lib.rs.html#624-627">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="#tymethod.with_context" class="fn">with_context</a>&lt;C, F&gt;(self, f: F) -&gt; <a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type anyhow::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,
F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -&gt; C,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Wrap the error value with additional context that is evaluated lazily
only once an error does occur.</p>
</div></details></div><h2 id="dyn-compatibility" class="section-header">Dyn Compatibility<a href="#dyn-compatibility" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div class="dyn-compatibility-info"><p>This trait is <b>not</b> <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/reference/items/traits.html#dyn-compatibility">dyn compatible</a>.</p><p><i>In older versions of Rust, dyn compatibility was called "object safety", so this trait is not object safe.</i></p></div><h2 id="foreign-impls" class="section-header">Implementations on Foreign Types<a href="#foreign-impls" class="anchor">§</a></h2><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Context%3CT,+Infallible%3E-for-Option%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/context.rs.html#90-113">Source</a><a href="#impl-Context%3CT,+Infallible%3E-for-Option%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="trait.Context.html" title="trait anyhow::Context">Context</a>&lt;T, <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a>&gt; for <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;T&gt;</h3><div class="docblock">
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::{Context, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>};
<span class="kw">fn </span>maybe_get() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;T&gt; {
...
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>demo() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {
<span class="kw">let </span>t = maybe_get().context(<span class="string">"there is no T"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
...
}</code></pre></div></div></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><section id="method.context" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/context.rs.html#91-101">Source</a><a href="#method.context" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="#tymethod.context" class="fn">context</a>&lt;C&gt;(self, context: C) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section><section id="method.with_context" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/context.rs.html#103-112">Source</a><a href="#method.with_context" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="#tymethod.with_context" class="fn">with_context</a>&lt;C, F&gt;(self, context: F) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,
F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -&gt; C,</div></h4></section></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Context%3CT,+E%3E-for-Result%3CT,+E%3E" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/context.rs.html#42-68">Source</a><a href="#impl-Context%3CT,+E%3E-for-Result%3CT,+E%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, E&gt; <a class="trait" href="trait.Context.html" title="trait anyhow::Context">Context</a>&lt;T, E&gt; for <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, E&gt;<div class="where">where
E: StdError + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><section id="method.context-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/context.rs.html#46-56">Source</a><a href="#method.context-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="#tymethod.context" class="fn">context</a>&lt;C&gt;(self, context: C) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section><section id="method.with_context-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../src/anyhow/context.rs.html#58-67">Source</a><a href="#method.with_context-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="#tymethod.with_context" class="fn">with_context</a>&lt;C, F&gt;(self, context: F) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
C: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,
F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -&gt; C,</div></h4></section></div></details><h2 id="implementors" class="section-header">Implementors<a href="#implementors" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="implementors-list"></div><script src="../trait.impl/anyhow/trait.Context.js" data-ignore-extern-crates="core" async></script></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="`Result&#60;T, Error&#62;`"><title>Result in anyhow - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Italic-81dc35de.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-MediumItalic-ccf7e434.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2"href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-ca0dd0c4.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="anyhow" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.93.1-1)" data-channel="1.93.1" data-search-js="search-9e2438ea.js" data-stringdex-js="stringdex-a3946164.js" data-settings-js="settings-c38705f0.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-e2aeef58.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-a410ff4d.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-263c88ec.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-eab170b8.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc type"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><rustdoc-topbar><h2><a href="#">Result</a></h2></rustdoc-topbar><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../anyhow/index.html">anyhow</a><span class="version">1.0.102</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Result</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#example" title="Example">Example</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#aliased-type">Aliased Type</a></h3><h3><a href="#variants">Variants</a></h3><ul class="block variant"><li><a href="#variant.Err" title="Err">Err</a></li><li><a href="#variant.Ok" title="Ok">Ok</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate anyhow</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer" title="Drag to resize sidebar"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><div class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">anyhow</a></div><h1>Type Alias <span class="type">Result</span>&nbsp;<button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/anyhow/lib.rs.html#468">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub type Result&lt;T, E = <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt; = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.93.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, E&gt;;</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p><code>Result&lt;T, Error&gt;</code></p>
<p>This is a reasonable return type to use throughout your application but also
for <code>fn main</code>; if you do, failures will be printed along with any
<a href="trait.Context.html" title="trait anyhow::Context">context</a> and a backtrace if one was captured.</p>
<p><code>anyhow::Result</code> may be used with one <em>or</em> two type parameters.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::Result;
<span class="kw">fn </span>demo1() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;T&gt; {...}
<span class="comment">// ^ equivalent to std::result::Result&lt;T, anyhow::Error&gt;
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>demo2() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;T, OtherError&gt; {...}
<span class="comment">// ^ equivalent to std::result::Result&lt;T, OtherError&gt;</span></code></pre></div><h2 id="example"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#example">§</a>Example</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>anyhow::Result;
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {
<span class="kw">let </span>config = std::fs::read_to_string(<span class="string">"cluster.json"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">let </span>map: ClusterMap = serde_json::from_str(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>config)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"cluster info: {:#?}"</span>, map);
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}</code></pre></div></div></details><h2 id="aliased-type" class="section-header">Aliased Type<a href="#aliased-type" class="anchor">§</a></h2><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub enum Result&lt;T, E = <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct anyhow::Error">Error</a>&gt; {
Ok(T),
Err(E),
}</code></pre><h2 id="variants" class="variants section-header">Variants<a href="#variants" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div class="variants"><section id="variant.Ok" class="variant"><a href="#variant.Ok" class="anchor">§</a><span class="since rightside" title="Stable since Rust version 1.0.0">1.0.0</span><h3 class="code-header">Ok(T)</h3></section><div class="docblock"><p>Contains the success value</p>
</div><section id="variant.Err" class="variant"><a href="#variant.Err" class="anchor">§</a><span class="since rightside" title="Stable since Rust version 1.0.0">1.0.0</span><h3 class="code-header">Err(E)</h3></section><div class="docblock"><p>Contains the error value</p>
</div></div><script src="../type.impl/core/result/enum.Result.js" data-self-path="anyhow::Result" async></script></section></div></main></body></html>